Print Bookmark

Lucinda STAFFORD

Female 1850 - 1911  (60 years)


Generations:      Standard    |    Compact    |    Vertical    |    Text    |    Register    |    PDF

More detail
Generation: 1

  1. 1.  Lucinda STAFFORD was born on 15 Jul 1850 in Pennsylvania; died on 6 Jul 1911 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; was buried in Schoolcraft Twp., Cem., Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.

    Family/Spouse: Thomas MAUGHGER. Thomas was born about 1856 in Wisconsin; and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Lucinda married David William STAFFORD on 5 Mar 1871 in Edinboro, Washington Twp., Erie Co., Pennsylvania. David (son of Jasper N. STAFFORD and Mary Ann SIPPS) was born on 14 May 1845 in Washington Twp., Erie Co., Pennsylvania; died on 1 Feb 1921 in Conewango, Warren Co., Pennsylvania; was buried in Washington Valley Cem., Edinboro, Washington Twp., Erie Co., Pennslyvania. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 2. Willie STAFFORD  Descendancy chart to this point was born about 1873 in Michigan; and died.
    2. 3. William E. STAFFORD  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 13 Oct 1872 in Leavitt, Oceana Co., Michigan; died on 16 Nov 1885 in Leavitt, Oceana Co., Michigan; was buried in Abson Cem., Walkerville, Oceana Co., Michigan.
    3. 4. Ida STAFFORD  Descendancy chart to this point was born about 1875 in Michigan; and died.
    4. 5. Ida A. STAFFORD  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 2 May 1875 in Leavitt, Oceana Co., Michigan; died on 7 Aug 1954 in Erie City, Le Boeuf Twp., Erie Co., Pennsylvania; was buried in Washington Valley Cem., Waterford Twp., Erie Co., Pennsylvania.
    5. 6. Celer Wilson STAFFORD  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 6 Jun 1876 in Leavitt, Oceana Co., Michigan; died on 24 Jul 1921 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; was buried in Schoolcraft Twp., Cem., Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.
    6. 7. Wilbur Jason STAFFORD  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 31 Aug 1880 in Leavitt, Oceana Co., Michigan; died on 11 Mar 1954 in Leavitt, Oceana Co., Michigan; was buried in Abson Cem., Walkerville, Oceana Co., Michigan.
    7. 8. Wealthy Angeline STAFFORD  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 25 Nov 1882 in Oceana Co., Michigan; died on 20 Sep 1946 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; was buried in Schoolcraft Twp., Cem., Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.

    Lucinda married Elam HOPMAN on 3 Jan 1889 in Arapahoe Co., Colorado. Elam and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]



Generation: 2

  1. 2.  Willie STAFFORD Descendancy chart to this point (1.Lucinda1) was born about 1873 in Michigan; and died.

  2. 3.  William E. STAFFORD Descendancy chart to this point (1.Lucinda1) was born on 13 Oct 1872 in Leavitt, Oceana Co., Michigan; died on 16 Nov 1885 in Leavitt, Oceana Co., Michigan; was buried in Abson Cem., Walkerville, Oceana Co., Michigan.

  3. 4.  Ida STAFFORD Descendancy chart to this point (1.Lucinda1) was born about 1875 in Michigan; and died.

  4. 5.  Ida A. STAFFORD Descendancy chart to this point (1.Lucinda1) was born on 2 May 1875 in Leavitt, Oceana Co., Michigan; died on 7 Aug 1954 in Erie City, Le Boeuf Twp., Erie Co., Pennsylvania; was buried in Washington Valley Cem., Waterford Twp., Erie Co., Pennsylvania.

    Family/Spouse: Truman C. KLINE. Truman was born on 27 Feb 1863 in Pennsylvania; died on 14 Dec 1932 in Washington, Washington Co., Pennsylvania; was buried in Washington Valley Cem., Waterford Twp., Erie Co., Pennsylvania. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  5. 6.  Celer Wilson STAFFORD Descendancy chart to this point (1.Lucinda1) was born on 6 Jun 1876 in Leavitt, Oceana Co., Michigan; died on 24 Jul 1921 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; was buried in Schoolcraft Twp., Cem., Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.

    Celer married Nettie F. DEE on 27 Sep 1896 in Leavitt, Oceana Co., Michigan. Nettie was born on 2 Jan 1882 in Wakeshima, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died on 16 Jul 1951 in Comstock Twp., Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; was buried in Schoolcraft Twp., Cem., Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 9. John Dee STAFFORD  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 7 Apr 1905 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died on 19 Mar 1960 in Comstock Twp., Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; was buried in Schoolcraft Twp., Cem., Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.

  6. 7.  Wilbur Jason STAFFORD Descendancy chart to this point (1.Lucinda1) was born on 31 Aug 1880 in Leavitt, Oceana Co., Michigan; died on 11 Mar 1954 in Leavitt, Oceana Co., Michigan; was buried in Abson Cem., Walkerville, Oceana Co., Michigan.

    Wilbur married Vera Delight ARCHBOLD on 14 Feb 1917 in Colfax, Oceana Co., Michigan. Vera was born on 14 Feb 1896 in Indiana; died on 17 Jan 1982 in McAllen, Hidago Co., Texas; was buried in Abson Cem., Walkerville, Oceana Co., Michigan. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 10. Burton Archibald STAFFORD  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 20 Jan 1918 in Walkerville, Oceana Co., Michigan; died on 11 May 1985 in Muskegon, Muskegon Co., Michigan.
    2. 11. Cecil Wilson STAFFORD  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 12 Jun 1923 in Walkervile, Oceana Co., Michigan; died on 26 Feb 1970 in Twin Lake, Muskegon Co., Michigan; was buried in Twin Lake Cem., Twin Lake, Muskegon Co., Michigan.
    3. 12. Walter W. STAFFORD  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 4 Aug 1928 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died on 14 May 2005 in McAllen, Hidago Co., Texas.

  7. 8.  Wealthy Angeline STAFFORD Descendancy chart to this point (1.Lucinda1) was born on 25 Nov 1882 in Oceana Co., Michigan; died on 20 Sep 1946 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; was buried in Schoolcraft Twp., Cem., Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.

    Wealthy married Harper Wesley MCDOWELL on 22 Nov 1899 in Walkerville, Oceana Co., Michigan, and was divorced on 22 Nov 1907 in Kalamazoo Co., Michigan. Harper was born in Apr 1874 in Wisconsin; died on 10 Apr 1936 in San Bernadino Co., California. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 13. Earl Leon MCDOWELL  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 1 Oct 1900 in Golden Twp., Oceana Co., Michigan; died on 22 May 1987 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; was buried in Schoolcraft Twp., Cem., Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.
    2. 14. Ida Krola MCDOWELL  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 24 Nov 1903 in Hart, Oceana Co., Michigan; died on 29 Nov 1996 in Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; was buried in East Cooper Cem., Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.

    Wealthy married Sidney E. STAFFORD on 25 Nov 1907 in Grand Rapids, Kent Co., Michigan. Sidney (son of Gardner L. STAFFORD and Estella WOODWRD) was born on 6 Aug 1883 in Leavitt, Oceana Co., Michigan; died on 17 Apr 1957 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; was buried in Schoolcraft Twp., Cem., Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 15. Harold Sidney STAFFORD, Sr.  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 2 Apr 1908 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died on 15 Apr 1965 in Michigan.
    2. 16. Wilda I STAFFORD  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 24 Feb 1911 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died on 24 May 1994 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; was buried in Schoolcraft Twp., Cem., Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.
    3. 17. Wilma E. STAFFORD  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 28 Apr 1913 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died on 5 Jan 1998 in Portage, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.
    4. 18. Harley H. STAFFORD  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 17 Sep 1915 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died on 4 May 2007 in Paw Paw, Van Buren Co., Michigan; was buried in Schoolcraft Twp., Cem., Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.
    5. 19. Arley Maxine STAFFORD  Descendancy chart to this point was born in 1916 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died in 2007 in Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.
    6. 20. Robert Deward STAFFORD  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 13 Jan 1918 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died on 20 Jun 1990 in Plainwell, Allegan Co., Michigan; was buried in Hillside Cem., Plainwell, Allegan Co., Michigan.
    7. 21. Maxine B. STAFFORD  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 20 Jan 1919 in Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died on 20 Nov 2009 in Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; was buried in Mt. Ever-Rest Mem. Park South, Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.
    8. 22. Constance J. STAFFORD  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 7 Mar 1922 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died on 21 Apr 1999 in Muskegon, Muskegon Co., Michigan.
    9. 23. J. J. Eugene STAFFORD  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 18 May 1923 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died on 28 Feb 2006 in Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.


Generation: 3

  1. 9.  John Dee STAFFORD Descendancy chart to this point (6.Celer2, 1.Lucinda1) was born on 7 Apr 1905 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died on 19 Mar 1960 in Comstock Twp., Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; was buried in Schoolcraft Twp., Cem., Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.

    John married Mildred Ella WILEY on 18 Aug 1922 in Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan. Mildred was born on 23 Jan 1905 in Schoolcraft Twp., Kalamazoo Co., , Michigan; died on 28 May 1968 in Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; was buried in Schoolcraft Twp., Cem., Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 24. Celer N. STAFFORD  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 4 Nov 1923 in Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died on 19 Oct 1971 in Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; was buried in Mt. Ever-Rest Mem. Park South, Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.

  2. 10.  Burton Archibald STAFFORD Descendancy chart to this point (7.Wilbur2, 1.Lucinda1) was born on 20 Jan 1918 in Walkerville, Oceana Co., Michigan; died on 11 May 1985 in Muskegon, Muskegon Co., Michigan.

    Burton married Mary Elizabeth MYRICK on 4 Mar 1943 in Shelby, Oceana Co., Michigan. Mary was born on 17 Oct 1914 in Casey Twp., Guthrie Co., Iowa; died on 13 May 1992 in Fremont, Newago Co., Michigan. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  3. 11.  Cecil Wilson STAFFORD Descendancy chart to this point (7.Wilbur2, 1.Lucinda1) was born on 12 Jun 1923 in Walkervile, Oceana Co., Michigan; died on 26 Feb 1970 in Twin Lake, Muskegon Co., Michigan; was buried in Twin Lake Cem., Twin Lake, Muskegon Co., Michigan.

    Cecil married Barbara Jean KOENIG on 23 Dec 1945 in Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan. Barbara was born on 23 Nov 1927 in Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died on 20 Jun 1991 in Muskegon, Muskegon Co., Michigan; was buried in Twin Lake Cem., Twin Lake, Muskegon Co., Michigan. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 25. Ronald Jay STAFFORD  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 4 Feb 1948 in Muskegon, Muskegon Co., Michigan; died on 15 Mar 1989 in Muskegon, Muskegon Co., Michigan; was buried in Twin Lake Cem., Twin Lake, Muskegon Co., Michigan.
    2. 26. David Lee STAFFORD  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 23 Jan 1955 in Michigan; died on 30 May 1991 in Muskegon Co., Michigan; was buried in Twin Lake Cem., Twin Lake, Muskegon Co., Michigan.

  4. 12.  Walter W. STAFFORD Descendancy chart to this point (7.Wilbur2, 1.Lucinda1) was born on 4 Aug 1928 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died on 14 May 2005 in McAllen, Hidago Co., Texas.

    Walter married (unknown) in 1976 in Hidalgo, Hidalgo Co., Texas. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  5. 13.  Earl Leon MCDOWELL Descendancy chart to this point (8.Wealthy2, 1.Lucinda1) was born on 1 Oct 1900 in Golden Twp., Oceana Co., Michigan; died on 22 May 1987 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; was buried in Schoolcraft Twp., Cem., Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.

    Family/Spouse: Laura Lydia HANNAH. Laura was born in 1900; died in 1959; was buried in Schoolcraft Twp., Cem., Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 27. Wilda A MCDOWELL  Descendancy chart to this point
    2. 28. Jacque H MCDOWELL  Descendancy chart to this point

  6. 14.  Ida Krola MCDOWELL Descendancy chart to this point (8.Wealthy2, 1.Lucinda1) was born on 24 Nov 1903 in Hart, Oceana Co., Michigan; died on 29 Nov 1996 in Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; was buried in East Cooper Cem., Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.

    Ida married Fran PINKSETER on 7 Jul 1923 in Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan. Fran was born on 29 Apr 1903 in Groningen, Netherlands; died on 17 Dec 1979 in Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; was buried in East Cooper Cem., Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  7. 15.  Harold Sidney STAFFORD, Sr. Descendancy chart to this point (8.Wealthy2, 1.Lucinda1) was born on 2 Apr 1908 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died on 15 Apr 1965 in Michigan.

    Harold married Alma Alivera HENDERSON on 19 Dec 1927 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan, and was divorced on 29 Jun 1936 in Berrien Co., Michigan. Alma was born on 24 May 1909 in Mendon, St. Joseph Co., Michigan; died on 7 Aug 1990 in Lansing, Ingham Co., Michigan. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 29. Betty L. STAFFORD  Descendancy chart to this point

    Harold married Irene M. BUSH on 22 Jan 1938 in Otsego, Allegan Co., Michigan. Irene was born on 26 May 1913 in Michigan; died on 21 May 2011 in Dowagiac, Cass Co., Michigan. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 30. Harold STAFFORD, Jr.  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 4 Dec 1938 in Michigan; died on 15 Jun 2016 in Climax, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; was buried in Ft. Custer National Cem., Augusta, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.

  8. 16.  Wilda I STAFFORD Descendancy chart to this point (8.Wealthy2, 1.Lucinda1) was born on 24 Feb 1911 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died on 24 May 1994 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; was buried in Schoolcraft Twp., Cem., Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.

    Family/Spouse: VICKERS. and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 31. Mylo J. VICKERS  Descendancy chart to this point

    Family/Spouse: SMITH. and died. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  9. 17.  Wilma E. STAFFORD Descendancy chart to this point (8.Wealthy2, 1.Lucinda1) was born on 28 Apr 1913 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died on 5 Jan 1998 in Portage, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.

    Wilma married Leroy William HORN on 31 Jan 1931 in Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan. Leroy was born on 23 Sep 1911 in Prairie Ronde, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died on 25 Apr 1974 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; was buried in Schoolcraft Twp., Cem., Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]

    Children:
    1. 32. Meredith Junior HORN  Descendancy chart to this point was born on 7 Jan 1932 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died on 29 Oct 2001 in Portage, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; was buried in Ft. Custer National Cem., Augusta, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.

  10. 18.  Harley H. STAFFORD Descendancy chart to this point (8.Wealthy2, 1.Lucinda1) was born on 17 Sep 1915 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died on 4 May 2007 in Paw Paw, Van Buren Co., Michigan; was buried in Schoolcraft Twp., Cem., Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.

  11. 19.  Arley Maxine STAFFORD Descendancy chart to this point (8.Wealthy2, 1.Lucinda1) was born in 1916 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died in 2007 in Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.

    Arley married Jonathan Louis SHERMAN in 1937 in St. Joseph Co., Indiana. Jonathan was born on 30 Mar 1889; died on 12 Mar 1965 in Allegan, Allegan Co., Michigan; was buried in North Fulton Cem., Fulton, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  12. 20.  Robert Deward STAFFORD Descendancy chart to this point (8.Wealthy2, 1.Lucinda1) was born on 13 Jan 1918 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died on 20 Jun 1990 in Plainwell, Allegan Co., Michigan; was buried in Hillside Cem., Plainwell, Allegan Co., Michigan.

    Robert married Maxine I. KELSO on 6 Mar 1939 in Plainwell, Allegan Co., Michigan. Maxine was born about 1920 in Plainwell, Allegan Co., Michigan; died on 28 Aug 2014; was buried in Hillside Cem., Plainwell, Allegan Co., Michigan. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  13. 21.  Maxine B. STAFFORD Descendancy chart to this point (8.Wealthy2, 1.Lucinda1) was born on 20 Jan 1919 in Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died on 20 Nov 2009 in Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; was buried in Mt. Ever-Rest Mem. Park South, Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.

    Family/Spouse: Leroy Clifford BUTCHER. Leroy was born in 1919; died in 1985; was buried in Mt. Ever-Rest Mem. Park South, Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan. [Group Sheet] [Family Chart]


  14. 22.  Constance J. STAFFORD Descendancy chart to this point (8.Wealthy2, 1.Lucinda1) was born on 7 Mar 1922 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died on 21 Apr 1999 in Muskegon, Muskegon Co., Michigan.

  15. 23.  J. J. Eugene STAFFORD Descendancy chart to this point (8.Wealthy2, 1.Lucinda1) was born on 18 May 1923 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died on 28 Feb 2006 in Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.


Generation: 4

  1. 24.  Celer N. STAFFORD Descendancy chart to this point (9.John3, 6.Celer2, 1.Lucinda1) was born on 4 Nov 1923 in Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died on 19 Oct 1971 in Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; was buried in Mt. Ever-Rest Mem. Park South, Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.

  2. 25.  Ronald Jay STAFFORD Descendancy chart to this point (11.Cecil3, 7.Wilbur2, 1.Lucinda1) was born on 4 Feb 1948 in Muskegon, Muskegon Co., Michigan; died on 15 Mar 1989 in Muskegon, Muskegon Co., Michigan; was buried in Twin Lake Cem., Twin Lake, Muskegon Co., Michigan.

  3. 26.  David Lee STAFFORD Descendancy chart to this point (11.Cecil3, 7.Wilbur2, 1.Lucinda1) was born on 23 Jan 1955 in Michigan; died on 30 May 1991 in Muskegon Co., Michigan; was buried in Twin Lake Cem., Twin Lake, Muskegon Co., Michigan.

  4. 27.  Wilda A MCDOWELL Descendancy chart to this point (13.Earl3, 8.Wealthy2, 1.Lucinda1)

  5. 28.  Jacque H MCDOWELL Descendancy chart to this point (13.Earl3, 8.Wealthy2, 1.Lucinda1)

  6. 29.  Betty L. STAFFORD Descendancy chart to this point (15.Harold3, 8.Wealthy2, 1.Lucinda1)

  7. 30.  Harold STAFFORD, Jr. Descendancy chart to this point (15.Harold3, 8.Wealthy2, 1.Lucinda1) was born on 4 Dec 1938 in Michigan; died on 15 Jun 2016 in Climax, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; was buried in Ft. Custer National Cem., Augusta, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.

  8. 31.  Mylo J. VICKERS Descendancy chart to this point (16.Wilda3, 8.Wealthy2, 1.Lucinda1)

  9. 32.  Meredith Junior HORN Descendancy chart to this point (17.Wilma3, 8.Wealthy2, 1.Lucinda1) was born on 7 Jan 1932 in Vicksburg, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; died on 29 Oct 2001 in Portage, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan; was buried in Ft. Custer National Cem., Augusta, Kalamazoo Co., Michigan.



This site powered by The Next Generation of Genealogy Sitebuilding v. 13.0.3, written by Darrin Lythgoe © 2001-2024.

Maintained by Michael Stafford.